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Michele Carlo

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Aug 2026

Proficiency Without Interaction: Comparing Stance and Engagement in LLM‐Generated and Human CEFR Writing

This study compared the linguistic resources writers use to express attitudes, signal certainty, and interact with readers, that is, stance and engagement patterns. We examined these patterns in large language model (LLM)‐generated essays and human learner essays across Common European Framework of Reference for Lang...

Michele Carlo, Osamu Takeuchi · 0 citations

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