Polylactic acid microplastics enhance copper bioavailability and host-microbiome toxicity during black soldier fly bioconversion of food waste: Mechanisms and multi-level impacts.
Biodegradable microplastics are increasingly entering food waste (FW) streams, yet their effects on heavy metal behavior during black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) bioconversion remain unclear. This study investigated the combined effects of polylactic acid microplastics (PLA-MPs, 1% w/w) and Cu (100-300 mg/kg ww) in a BSF...