Multidimensional institutional learning curve of ultrasound-guided percutaneous transthoracic lung biopsy: a cumulative sum analysis with case-mix assessment
Background Ultrasound-guided percutaneous transthoracic lung biopsy (US-PTLB) provides real-time sampling of peripheral or subpleural lesions, but institutional adoption requires coordinated improvements in efficiency, targeting precision, and safety. We evaluated these domains using sequential cumulative sum (CUSUM) a...