SEISMIC FRAGILITY CURVES FOR HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL GROUND MOTION OF BRIDGE PIERS WITH THE MACRO-ELEMENT SSI FOR SHALLOW FOOTINGS
This study investigates the combined effects of vertical and horizontal seismic excitations on bridge piers. It explicitly accounts for Soil–Structure Interaction (SSI) using a macro- element modeling approach. The ssilink1 macro-element simulates the interaction between the pier and the underlying shallow foundation s...