Mona Hamdy

Review: engineering CRISPR nanoparticle hybrid platforms for biofilm-associated antimicrobial resistance: delivery barriers, resistance reprogramming, and translational challenges

It is concluded that CRISPR-nanoparticle hybrids offer a transformative platform for precision antimicrobial intervention; however, no clinical trials currently exist for this specific application, and coordinated advances in nanoparticle engineering, safety characterization, and regulatory science are essential for clinical deployment against recalcitrant, multidrug-resistant biofilm infections.