Extracting bioactive compounds from fruit peel waste: Techniques for extraction, purification, characterization, and applications.
Global fruit production reached 953.8 million tonnes in 2024, generating peel residues of 15%-50% of fruit weight that are largely discarded despite containing polyphenols, carotenoids, dietary fiber, and enzymes of commercial value. Existing reviews address this in fragments, covering extraction, green solvents, or fo...