Efficacy and safety of preoperative intranasal dexmedetomidine in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Background: Airway manipulation during General Anesthesia (GA) can produce sympathetic activation and hemodynamic instability. Intravenous (IV) dexmedetomidine attenuates these responses but may cause bradycardia or hypotension. Intranasal (IN) administration is a noninvasive alternative with uncertain evidence in adul...