Natural History and Reintervention After PCNL for Isolated Lower-Pole Stones with Residual Fragments > 4 mm: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Background: This study aimed to describe the long-term clinical trajectory, stone burden changes, and secondary endourological reintervention outcomes in patients presenting with residual stone fragments (RSFs) > 4.0 mm confined to the lower pole following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Methods: We retrospectivel...