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Author

Muhammad Akram

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2 papers indexed here

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Open access Aug 2026

Teachers’ Beliefs about English Textbooks and Their Pedagogical Decision-Making in Teaching Writing Skills at Intermediate Level

English textbooks remain a central instructional resource at the intermediate level in Pakistan, but teachers’ beliefs, professional knowledge, institutional expectations, and classroom constraints mediate their use. This article presents an explanatory sequential mixed-methods protocol for investigating how intermedia...

Azuba Afzal, Muhammad Akram · 0 citations
Open access Jul 2026

Investigating ESL Teachers’ Textbook Use, Adaptation, and Pedagogical Practices in Teaching Writing Skills

The prescribed textbook remains the single most powerful mediating artifact in English as a Second Language (ESL) classrooms across South Asia, yet comparatively little is known about how teachers actually use it, how far they adapt it, and how those decisions shape the teaching of writing. This study investigated ESL...

Azuba Afzal, Muhammad Akram · 0 citations

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