Background: Dry eye disease (DED) and refractive errors are increasingly prevalent among young adults, particularly in populations with prolonged digital device use. However, the relationship between refractive error, axial length (AL), and dry eye parameters remains incompletely understood. Methods: A cross-sectional...
Wafa M. Alotaibi, Maha Naif, Muhammad Qasim et al.· Journal of Clinical Medicine· 0 citations
Vitreoretinal surgery often achieves anatomical success; however, functional recovery differs markedly among eyes with similar disease presentations. Retinal imaging biomarkers help reduce this uncertainty by characterizing tissue composition, photoreceptor integrity, traction, perfusion, inflammation, and postoperativ...
Muhammad Qasim, Almas Tabassum, A. Qasim et al.· Global academic journal of m...· 0 citations
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