Immune checkpoint inhibitors and the inflammatory dysregulation: decoding cutaneous and gastrointestinal immune-related adverse events for the allergist and immunologist
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), its ligand (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) have revolutionized oncology, yet they unleash a unique spectrum of inflammatory toxicities known as immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Cutaneous and gas...