Rotenone-Induced Cytotoxicity in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs): Involvement of Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Intrinsic Apoptosis.
Rotenone is a well-defined inhibitor of Mitochondrial Complex I, which induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in various cell types. However, its cytotoxicity and molecular mechanisms in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) remain unexplored. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of...