Managing Soil Acidity and Fe–Al Toxicity in Submerged Paddy Soils: Biogeochemical Processes, Environmental Implications and Integrated Amelioration Strategies
Submergence transforms acidic rice soils into a dynamic biogeochemical environment in which redox potential, pH, iron and aluminium speciation, nutrient availability and microbial activity change throughout the cropping period. These transformations can partly alleviate aluminium toxicity through pH-mediated hydrolysis...