Nabil Ben Merzoug

Energy Consumption, Carbon Emissions and Economic Growth in Algeria: Conditional Evidence from ARDL and NARDL Models (1990–2022)

This study asks whether the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) describes the income–emissions relationship in Algeria, a hydrocarbon-dependent economy, over 1990–2022. Per-capita CO₂ emissions are modelled as a function of per-capita income, its square, energy use and trade openness using a parsimonious conditional ARDL...