Automatic speech recognition (ASR) performance degrades sharply on dysarthric speech, yet how disordered articulation reshapes a model's internal representations is underexplored. We conduct a layer-wise probing analysis of a transformer ASR encoder on Mandarin dysarthric speech under three transcript-matched conditions: original dysarthric speech, speaker conditioned zero-shot TTS resynthesis, and unconditioned TTS. Probing reveals a task- and condition-dependent representation hierarchy: phoneme boundary information remains weak across all layers for dysarthric speech; phoneme identity is recoverable in deep layers for synthetic speech, but remains poor for dysarthric speech; and recognition difficulty is concentrated in the deepest layers. Furthermore, lexical tone is a persistent error source across all conditions. Guided by these insights, layer-selective LoRA shows that mid-layer adaptation (layer 7 or layers 5-8) recovers near-full encoder performance on dysarthric speech within 6.67% and 2.89% relative margins while training only 0.16% and 0.65% of adapter parameters. Conversely, upper-layer adaptation benefits synthetic speech more than dysarthric speech. These findings link representation analysis to parameter-efficient fine-tuning and motivate layer-aware adaptation for low-resource Mandarin dysarthric ASR.
Darwin Jelestin Muthu, Navya Gupta, Wei Lin Tay et al.· 0 citations
Compositional visual question answering requires Vision-Language Models (VLMs) to execute multiple reasoning operations like object selection, spatial relation resolution, and attribute verification. Despite strong aggregate performance, the mechanistic basis of VLM failures on this task remains underexplored. To address this gap, we analyze vision-operation misalignment in VLMs by examining how failures relate to specific reasoning operations and the internal computational pathways through which they arise and propagate. We introduce an Operation-centric mechanistic framework that decomposes VLM failures by both the reasoning operation where they originate and the internal computational pathway through which they propagate. Our analysis reveals four dominant failure modes: grounding failure, reasoning failure, attribute extraction failure, and language-prior dominance, each characterized by a distinct relationship between visual grounding strength and answer correctness. Through three complementary causal interventions applied across all transformer layers, we find that object-selection failures are associated primarily with feedforward computation, multi-step relational failures with late-layer direct attention, and attribute-extraction failures with answer-position feedforward computation. Validation on VSR further shows that single-step spatial failures are concentrated at object-position encoding, distinguishing them from multi-step relational composition. These findings reveal distinct computational bottlenecks across operation types and provide a principled basis for targeted diagnosis of VLM failures in multimedia reasoning.
Navya Gupta, Bingjie Xu, Avinash Anand et al.· 0 citations