Language learning strategies have long been acknowledged as a key element in fostering learners’ engagement, autonomy, and academic achievement in second and foreign language learning contexts. This study aims to understand the interralationship between Social Cognitive Theory factors; personal, behavioural and environmental and their influence on language learning strategies among 370 undergraduate students in public university. The instruments used consist four sections based on Bandura’s SCT factors measuring personal, behavioural and environmental as well as language learning strategies. The findings demonstrated moderate to high levels of personal, behavioural and environmental strategy use in language learning. In addition, significant and strong interrelationships were found among the factors, supporting Bandura’s concept of reciprocal determinism. Teachers must acknowledge and be aware that language learning happens through dynamic interaction across these factors; personal, behavioural and environmental. Therefore, teaching content, tasks, classroom practice and classroom environment should be designed and grounded in these factors.
Husna binti Abdul Ahad, Nor Azean Binti Hasan Adali, Asma’ Binti Ammar et al.· International journal of res...· 0 citations
The Malaysia Government's electronic services (e-Government) initiatives aim to fulfill the supply and demand for government services that rapidly evolved following the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, there is widespread use of electronic devices to access these services online. This study analyzes the sustainability of government services during the shift from traditional manual operations to online platforms. By utilizing bibliometric analysis and systematic literature reviews, this study provides a structured approach to identifying research trends and key areas requiring improvement. While the research appropriately emphasizes trust and privacy as critical factors influencing citizens’ adoption of digital services, it is limited by its reliance on secondary data rather than direct empirical evidence. As a result, future e-government development must not only address trust and privacy issues but also tackle practical challenges such as digital literacy and accessibility to ensure sustainable service delivery.
Nik Nur Hidayah Binti Bahari, Muhammad Afiq Md Fuad, Shafiyah Mohamad Khalil· International journal of res...· 0 citations
