BIOACTIVITY OF DURIAN LEAF (Durio zibethinus Murr.) ETHANOL EXTRACT AS BIOINSECTICIDE AGAINST THIRD-INSTAR LARVAE OF THE ARMYWORM Spodoptera litura F. (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS
The armyworm Spodoptera litura F. is a polyphagous pest capable of causing yield losses of up to 80% across more than 200 plantspecies. Excessive reliance on synthetic insecticides has prompted the exploration of more environmentally friendly botanicalalternatives. This study aimed to evaluate the bioactivity of the et...