Copper nanomaterial antimicrobial coatings: ion release, transparency, and wash durability across biomedical, textile, and packaging applications
Healthcare-associated infections remain a major burden on health systems, with 8.9 million episodes estimated annually across EU/EEA hospitals and long-term care facilities and approximately 518,000 in US acute care hospitals in 2023, driving demand for persistent antimicrobial surface coatings. Copper nanomaterials...