Open access
Oct 2026
Insufficient-effort/careless responding (IER) on self-report background questionnaires attached to large-scale assessments (e.g., PIRLS, PISA, and TIMSS) is routinely screened with indicator-based methods (e.g., longstring, response variability, Mahalanobis distance, and psychometric synonym/antonym consistency). These...
Diana Rosita, Muhammad Sukirlan, Nurlaksana Eko Rusminto et al.
· Applied Psychological Measur... · 0 citations