Author

Nurul Izrin Md Saleh

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Open access 2026

Identifying Key Explainability Components in Black-Box AI Models for Emergency Department Disposition Prediction

Predicting patient disposition outcomes in the Emergency Department (ED)—specifically distinguishing between hospital admission and discharge home—is important for optimizing hospital capacity, staffing, and patient flow. While black-box Artificial Intelligence (AI) models such as Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), K-Neare...

Hananee Bueraheng, Nurul Izrin Md Saleh, N. Abdullah et al. · International journal of res... · 0 citations

Open access 2026

Explainable Machine Learning for Hospital Overcrowding Prediction: A Comparative Study of Predictive Models

Hospital overcrowding requires capacity-based or flow-based measurements, such as occupied beds relative to staffed capacity, boarding time, or emergency-department census. The public NHS Hospital Admitted Patient Care Activity 2023-2024 data used in this study do not contain such an endpoint. We therefore reframe the...

Nurul Izrin Md Saleh, Ikmee U-Daidee, N. A. Emran et al. · International journal of res... · 0 citations

Review Open access 2026

Gamification in Programming-Based STEM Learning: Trends, Challenges, and Future Directions

Gamification has gained increasing attention as an approach to improving engagement and learning in programming and STEM education. This narrative review examines research trends, gamification elements, implementation challenges, and future directions in programming-based STEM learning. The review draws on 16 selected...

L. Salahuddin, F. N. M. Leza, N. A. Moketar et al. · International journal of res... · 0 citations