Adsorptive performance of TiO₂/chitosan/PVA nanofibers: characterization, kinetic pathways, and equilibrium isotherms for dye removal
Methyl orange (MO) is a persistent and toxic azo dye whose removal from wastewater remains challenging. Nanocomposite adsorbents combining titanium dioxide (TiO₂) with biopolymers offer enhanced surface functionality for dye uptake. In this system, chitosan (CS) provides protonable amino groups for electrostatic...