Artifact-Controlled Multi-Vertebral Transfer Learning Ensemble for Patient-Level Three-Class Osteoporosis Screening Using Thoracoabdominal CT-Derived Lumbar Images
Background/Objectives: Osteoporosis and osteopenia remain underdiagnosed despite routine CT examinations containing potentially useful bone information. This study evaluated the feasibility of patient-level three-class classification of Normal, Osteopenia, and Osteoporosis classes using lumbar vertebral PNG images deri...