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P. Ghorbani

11 papers indexed here

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#explainable ai Open access Oct 2026

Hidden Behavioural States of Chatbot Users: A Hidden Markov Model of Message Length and Pacing in 60,000 Real Conversations

Purpose. Interaction logs with AI assistants record how people behave when they use AI, but it is unclear whether this behaviour has a latent structure that an algorithm can recognise and that carries information beyond the most recent action. We fit a hidden Markov model (HMM) to the sequence of user turns in real cha...

P. Ghorbani · 0 citations
#reinforcement learning Open access Oct 2026

Construction and Real Estate and Artificial Intelligence: The Slowest Adopter, Thin Evidence, and Two Applications Where the Results Are Already Visible

Purpose. Construction is a large industry with a reputation for slow technological change, and real estate is a market in which valuation is a prediction problem. This article asks where artificial intelligence stands in construction and real estate in 2026 and where they may be by about 2035. Design and methods. A rev...

P. Ghorbani · 0 citations
#generative ai Open access Oct 2026

Telecommunications and Artificial Intelligence: Machine Learning Inside the Network, Language Models at the Customer Edge, and a 6G Standard Designed Around AI

Purpose. Telecommunications is both a user of artificial intelligence, in running networks and serving customers, and the carrier on which AI services run. This article asks where AI stands in the industry in 2026 and where it may be by about 2035. Design and methods. A review combining the share of the telecommunicati...

P. Ghorbani · 0 citations
#generative ai Open access Oct 2026

Media and Creative Industries and Artificial Intelligence: Heavy Early Use, Unsettled Rights, and an Audience Moving Towards Chatbots

Purpose. Media and creative work produce text, images, sound and video, which are the outputs that generative AI makes. This article asks where artificial intelligence stands in the media and creative industries in 2026 and where they may be by about 2035. Design and methods. A review combining the share of the media r...

P. Ghorbani · 0 citations
#generative ai Open access Oct 2026

Aerospace and Defence and Artificial Intelligence: Assurance Before Autonomy, Space as an Early Proving Ground, and Military Use Governed Outside the Civil Rules

Purpose. Aerospace is where automation has been trusted with human lives for longest, and where the standards for proving a system safe are the strictest. This article asks where artificial intelligence stands in aerospace and defence in 2026 and where it may be by about 2035. Design and methods. A review combining the...

P. Ghorbani · 0 citations
#generative ai Open access Oct 2026

Pharmaceuticals and Artificial Intelligence: From Faster Design to Better Odds, and What Remains Unproven

Purpose. Drug development is long, costly and mostly unsuccessful, so any tool that improves the choice of targets, molecules or trial designs is valuable. This article asks where artificial intelligence stands in the pharmaceutical industry in 2026 and where it could be by about 2035. Design and methods. A review that...

P. Ghorbani · 0 citations
#large language models Open access Oct 2026

Legal Services and Artificial Intelligence: Real Productivity Gains, Fabricated Citations, and a Profession Learning to Verify

Purpose. Law is a profession built on text, which makes it an obvious target for language models, and one in which a confident error can end up in a court filing. This article asks where artificial intelligence stands in legal services in 2026 and where the profession may be by about 2035. Design and methods. A review...

P. Ghorbani · 0 citations
#large language models Open access Oct 2026

Education and Artificial Intelligence: Universal Student Use, Mixed Evidence on Learning, and the Design Choices That Decide the Outcome

Purpose. No industry has seen generative AI reach its users as quickly as education, because students were among the first to adopt it. This article asks where AI stands in education in 2026, what the evidence says about its effect on learning, and where education may be by about 2035. Design and methods. A review comb...

P. Ghorbani · 0 citations
#large language models Open access Oct 2026

The Software Industry and Artificial Intelligence: Nearly Universal Use, Evidence That Ranges from Large Gains to a Slowdown, and the Question of Who Gets Hired

Purpose. The software industry both builds artificial intelligence and was among the first to use it on its own work, through coding assistants. This article asks where AI stands in software in 2026, what controlled studies say about developer productivity, and where the industry may be by about 2035. Design and method...

P. Ghorbani · 0 citations
#large language models Open access Oct 2026

Retail and Artificial Intelligence: Forecasting That Works, Pricing That Pays, and Shoppers Who Now Ask Chatbots

Purpose. Retail was among the first industries to use machine learning on a large scale, in forecasting and pricing, and is now watching shoppers move part of their search to AI assistants. This article asks where artificial intelligence stands in retail in 2026 and where the industry may be by about 2035. Design and m...

P. Ghorbani · 0 citations
#large language models Open access Oct 2026

Banking and Artificial Intelligence: Near-Universal Use, Thin Evidence on Outcomes, and a Supervisory Agenda in the Making

Purpose. Banks were among the first industries to use machine learning at scale, in credit scoring and fraud detection, and are now among the first to deploy generative AI. This article asks what is known about the results, what slows the next stage, and where banking may be by about 2035. Design and methods. A review...

P. Ghorbani · 0 citations

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