Purpose. Interaction logs with AI assistants record how people behave when they use AI, but it is unclear whether this behaviour has a latent structure that an algorithm can recognise and that carries information beyond the most recent action. We fit a hidden Markov model (HMM) to the sequence of user turns in real cha...
P. Ghorbani· Zenodo (CERN European Organi...· 0 citations
Purpose. Construction is a large industry with a reputation for slow technological change, and real estate is a market in which valuation is a prediction problem. This article asks where artificial intelligence stands in construction and real estate in 2026 and where they may be by about 2035. Design and methods. A rev...
P. Ghorbani· Zenodo (CERN European Organi...· 0 citations
Purpose. Telecommunications is both a user of artificial intelligence, in running networks and serving customers, and the carrier on which AI services run. This article asks where AI stands in the industry in 2026 and where it may be by about 2035. Design and methods. A review combining the share of the telecommunicati...
P. Ghorbani· Zenodo (CERN European Organi...· 0 citations
Purpose. Media and creative work produce text, images, sound and video, which are the outputs that generative AI makes. This article asks where artificial intelligence stands in the media and creative industries in 2026 and where they may be by about 2035. Design and methods. A review combining the share of the media r...
P. Ghorbani· Zenodo (CERN European Organi...· 0 citations
Purpose. Aerospace is where automation has been trusted with human lives for longest, and where the standards for proving a system safe are the strictest. This article asks where artificial intelligence stands in aerospace and defence in 2026 and where it may be by about 2035. Design and methods. A review combining the...
P. Ghorbani· Zenodo (CERN European Organi...· 0 citations
Purpose. Drug development is long, costly and mostly unsuccessful, so any tool that improves the choice of targets, molecules or trial designs is valuable. This article asks where artificial intelligence stands in the pharmaceutical industry in 2026 and where it could be by about 2035. Design and methods. A review that...
P. Ghorbani· Zenodo (CERN European Organi...· 0 citations
Purpose. Law is a profession built on text, which makes it an obvious target for language models, and one in which a confident error can end up in a court filing. This article asks where artificial intelligence stands in legal services in 2026 and where the profession may be by about 2035. Design and methods. A review...
P. Ghorbani· Zenodo (CERN European Organi...· 0 citations
Purpose. No industry has seen generative AI reach its users as quickly as education, because students were among the first to adopt it. This article asks where AI stands in education in 2026, what the evidence says about its effect on learning, and where education may be by about 2035. Design and methods. A review comb...
P. Ghorbani· Zenodo (CERN European Organi...· 0 citations
Purpose. The software industry both builds artificial intelligence and was among the first to use it on its own work, through coding assistants. This article asks where AI stands in software in 2026, what controlled studies say about developer productivity, and where the industry may be by about 2035. Design and method...
P. Ghorbani· Zenodo (CERN European Organi...· 0 citations
Purpose. Retail was among the first industries to use machine learning on a large scale, in forecasting and pricing, and is now watching shoppers move part of their search to AI assistants. This article asks where artificial intelligence stands in retail in 2026 and where the industry may be by about 2035. Design and m...
P. Ghorbani· Zenodo (CERN European Organi...· 0 citations
Purpose. Banks were among the first industries to use machine learning at scale, in credit scoring and fraud detection, and are now among the first to deploy generative AI. This article asks what is known about the results, what slows the next stage, and where banking may be by about 2035. Design and methods. A review...
P. Ghorbani· Zenodo (CERN European Organi...· 0 citations
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