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P. Moliner

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Aug 2026

Sex influence on cancer incidence after a cardiovascular event: a population study

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer share common risk factors and pathophysiological pathways. Previous studies have shown that patients with prevalent CVD present an increased risk of developing cancer in the future. Nevertheless, the effect of biological sex on cancer incidence after a recent cardiovascular event remains largely unexplored. To analyze the influence of biological sex on mid-long term incidence of cancer in patients with a new diagnosis of CVD. To evaluate the impact of sex on cancer outcomes according to the concrete type of cardiovascular event. We performed a retrospective population-based cohort study using data from 2010-2022 clinical and administrative databases from our healthcare area. All adults (>18 years) without a prior history of cancer or CVD at first medical contact were included. During a run-in period of 24 months, patients with a new diagnosis of cancer or CVD were excluded. After this initial timeline, patients were classified into 2 groups in a dynamic manner depending on the presence or absence of new CVD, as defined by International Classification of Disease (ICD) 9th and 10th editions. The primary outcome of interest was incident cancer, also ascertained by means of ICD codes after the 24-month run-in period. Nonmelanoma skin cancers were not included. Statistical analysis comprised cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and smoking. A total of 238,415 adults were included, of whom 52.20% were women. Compared to men, women were older (45.9 vs 43.7 years, p<0.01) and had a higher prevalence of anemia (10.73 vs 45.8%, p<0.01= and depression (5.48% vs 2.40%, p<0.01), whilst men presented a greater history of alcohol abuse (5.75% vs 1.15%, p<0.01) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (5.92% vs 3.14%, p<0.01). When compared to patients without a prior history of CVD, patients with a new diagnosis of CVD showed an increased risk of incident cancer over time, with and adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.56 (95%CI 1.47-1.67) (picture 1). When stratified by biological sex, cancer incidence was similar between males and females without prior CVD. Nevertheless, in the subgroup of patients with a new diagnosis of CVD, men exhibited a higher risk of cancer over time compared to women (HR 1.13; 95%CI 1.08-1.18; picture 2). Regarding type of CVD, men showed a higher risk of incident cancer in relation to women when the cardiovascular event was heart failure, coronary heart disease or cerebrovascular disease, but not in the case of atrial fibrillation. Patients with newly diagnosed CVD present a higher risk of cancer when compared to patients without a history of prior CVD. When patients with CVD are subclassified by biological sex, men show a higher risk of incident cancer over time.Cancer Incidence Stratified by Presence  Cancer Incidence Stratified by Sex and P

H. Morillas Climent, P. Moliner, A. Ricarte-Marin et al. · 0 citations
Aug 2026

Five-year cancer incidence after new cardiovascular disease: a population study

Patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) have an increased risk of cancer, partly due to shared risk factors, chronic inflammation and systemic mediators. However, most previous studies have focused on individuals with pre-existing CVD. Whether patients with a new diagnosis of CVD are at particularly high risk of incident cancer, and whether the spectrum of cancer types differs from that of the general population, remains insufficiently explored. To describe the five-year incidence of cancer in patients with a new diagnosis of CVD in our healthcare area and to compare the distribution of cancer types with that reported in the general population. We conducted a population-based cohort study using clinical databases from our healthcare area. All adults (>18 years) without a previous history of cancer who were newly diagnosed with CVD between 2010 and 2022 were included. Incident cancers diagnosed between 3 months and 5 years after the index CVD diagnosis were recorded. The incidence and distribution of cancer types were analysed and compared with data from the general population. A total of 9,900 patients with newly diagnosed CVD and no prior cancer history were identified. The mean age of the cohort was 64 years, 43% were women, and comorbidities were frequent. During follow-up, 1,922 patients (19.4%) developed incident cancer within five years. Patients who developed cancer were more often male, older, and had a higher burden of comorbidities than those who did not. Among CVD subtypes, chronic heart failure was associated with the highest risk of incident cancer. The most frequently diagnosed cancers were gastrointestinal (27%), lung (14.5%), genitourinary (13.5%) and male reproductive system cancers (13.4%). In our healthcare area, the five-year incidence of cancer following a new diagnosis of CVD was markedly high. Moreover, the distribution of cancer types in this population differed from that of the general population, with a higher proportion of genitourinary cancers and a lower proportion of breast cancer. These findings highlight the importance of cancer awareness and surveillance strategies in patients with newly diagnosed CVD.Table.Basal characteristics.  Figure.Types of incident cancer.

P. Moliner, H. Morillas, A. Ricarte-Marin et al. · 0 citations