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P. Panagopoulos

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Jul 2026

Burden and severe outcomes of influenza in comparison to COVID-19 among hospitalised adult patients during the 2024-2025 season: a prospective, multicentre study in Greece.

AIM To compare the burden and severe outcomes among patients hospitalised for influenza to those hospitalised for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Greece. METHODS The study was conducted in four hospitals from November 2024 to May 2025. Main outcomes were length of stay (LOS) and severe outcomes (admission to intensive care unit, invasive mechanical ventilation, in-hospital death). The associations between LOS and adverse outcomes with COVID-19 or influenza were estimated with multivariable negative binomial and logistic regression models. RESULTS We studied 621 patients [mean age: 75.6 years; 564 (90.8%) with at least one comorbidity], of whom 43 (6.9%) died. In total, 358 patients were admitted for COVID-19 and 263 for influenza. Influenza patients had a mean LOS of 10.7 days compared with 7.5 days among COVID-19 patients (p-value <0.001), while severe outcomes were similar across the two groups. Adjusted models yielded similar findings, with influenza patients having significantly longer LOS [incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.47; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-2.10] compared with COVID-19 patients, and no difference in the odds of experiencing any severe outcome [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.10; 95% CI: 0.88-5.04]. Pneumonia was associated with increased odds for any severe outcome (aOR: 7.55; 95% CI: 1.10-52.33) and longer LOS (IRR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.39-3.15) overall and within diagnostic subgroups. Among COVID-19 patients, those with ≥1 COVID-19 vaccine dose had reduced odds for experiencing any severe outcome (aOR = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.15-0.96) compared with unvaccinated patients. CONCLUSIONS In 2024-2025, influenza patients had significantly longer LOS than COVID-19 patients, while severe outcomes were not significantly different between the two groups.

Helena C. Maltezou, V. Rapti, Ilektra Tseliou et al. · Infectious Diseases · 0 citations

Review Open access Aug 2026

The Utilization of Inclisiran for the Optimization of Lipid Management in People Living with HIV: A Clinical Case Series and Comprehensive Review

Background and Clinical Significance: People with HIV (PWH) experience an elevated risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), driven by chronic immune activation, metabolic toxicities of antiretroviral therapy (ART), and traditional risk factors. Achieving target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels is frequently impeded by adherence barriers, pharmacokinetic drug interactions, or muscle-related symptoms. Inclisiran is a hepatocyte-targeted small interfering RNA that halts proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 synthesis, providing a long-acting therapeutic alternative. Case Presentation: We present two PWH with severe hypercholesterolemia and elevated cardiovascular risk on stable ART. Case 1 describes a 54-year-old male with a history of myocardial infarction presenting with persistent, refractory hypercholesterolemia on rosuvastatin and ezetimibe (baseline LDL-C 142 mg/dL). Case 2 describes a 58-year-old male with verified statin intolerance and inadequate response to ezetimibe (baseline LDL-C 194 mg/dL). Following subcutaneous inclisiran administration at Day 1 and Day 90, Case 1 achieved an 80.2% LDL-C reduction to 28 mg/dL at Month 6, and Case 2 achieved a 54.6% reduction to 88 mg/dL at Month 6 as monotherapy. Both patients tolerated therapy well, with stable CD4+ counts and sustained virological suppression. Conclusions: These cases illustrate that inclisiran can effectively lower LDL-C levels across primary and secondary prevention settings in PWH facing oral therapy limitations or statin intolerance. Provider-administered dosing every 6 months overcomes adherence challenges, supporting the inclusion of PWH in broader clinical pathways pending ongoing cardiovascular outcome trials.

Vasileios Petrakis, Maria Panopoulou, A. Grapsa et al. · Reports · 0 citations