Iron deficiency without anemia (IDWA) represents a hidden yet prevalent condition that disrupts fundamental physiological processes long before classical pre-anemia becomes apparent. Although hemoglobin concentration remains within reference limits, depleted iron stores impair energy metabolism, cognitive capacity, and...
Paweł Stępowski, Hanna Rzepka, Mateusz Tajster· Journal of Education, Health...· 0 citations
This review synthesises current evidence on sleep physiology, the neurobiological basis of sleep deprivation effects, specific cognitive and mood consequences, vulnerable populations, diagnostic approaches, therapeutic strategies, and public health implications, with the goal of providing a comprehensive foundation for...
Paweł Stępowski, Hanna Rzepka, Mateusz Tajster· Journal of Education, Health...· 0 citations
Osteoporosis is a major skeletal disorder characterised by reduced bone mineral density and deteriorating microarchitecture, imposing a considerable burden of fragility fractures on postmenopausal women worldwide (Compston, McClung and Leslie, 2019). The estrogen withdrawal that accompanies menopause accelerates bone r...
Hanna Rzepka, Paweł Stępowski, Mateusz Tajster· Journal of Education, Health...· 0 citations
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