U.S. equities and gold: A portfolio performance analysis across economic cycles
This study empirically analyzes the risk-adjusted performance, volatility, and interdependencies of the Magnificent 7, the S&P 500 (SPY), the Nasdaq-100 (QQQ), and gold (GLD) across distinct economic regimes from 2008 to 2025. Using daily adjusted closing prices, the analysis calculates total and annualized returns, Sh...