Piyush Gupta

Hybrid Deep Learning and Machine Learning Framework for Intelligent Travel Demand Forecasting

An intelligent framework is developed as a hybrid one, where four complementary learners are used to operate in parallel: a spatio-temporal graph neural network (ST-GNN) to represent dependencies between travel zones, a Transformer to represent long-horizon temporal patterns, an LSTM to represent sequential mobility dynamics, and an XGBoost to represent structured demographic and cost characteristics.