Thrips (Thysanoptera) Associated with Economically Important Crops and their Integrated Pest Management (IPM): A Review
Thrips (Thysanoptera) are among the most destructive insect pests of agricultural and horticultural crops worldwide due to their wide host range, rapid reproduction, cryptic feeding behaviour and ability to transmit several plant viruses. Important species such as Thrips tabaci, Thrips palmi, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Frankliniella schultzei and the invasive species Thrips parvispinus infest cereals, pulses, oilseeds, vegetables, fruits and ornamentals causing severe yield and quality losses. Both adults and nymphs feed by lacerating plant tissues and sucking cell contents, resulting in silvering, bronzing, leaf curling, flower shedding and fruit scarring. The spread of invasive species and increasing insecticide resistance have intensified management challenges. Sustainable thrips management requires integrated pest management (IPM) combining cultural, mechanical, biological, behavioural, biotechnological and quarantine measures with judicious insecticide use. This integrated approach suppresses pest populations, conserves natural enemies, delays resistance development, minimizes environmental risks and ensures sustainable crop protection.