Hybrid FPA-SSO-optimized fuzzy-FOPID controller with virtual inertia control for robust frequency regulation in low-inertia microgrids
The rapid integration of renewable energy sources (RES), such as wind and solar power, into microgrids reduces system inertia and may intensify frequency instability. This issue threatens reliable operation, particularly in microgrids with high RES penetration. To address the instability caused by reduced inertia, this...