Precision targeting in prostate cancer: Mechanistic drivers and the evolving clinical pipeline.
Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common cancers among males worldwide, and its curative treatment is challenging. This review discusses pathways-including androgen receptor signalling, prostate-specific membrane antigen, DNA damage repair, neuroendocrine differentiation targets, metabolic reprogramming, Wnt/β-catenin, epigenetic modifications and stress response-and their roles in the development and progression of PC. Additionally, it outlines the medicinal agents developed and clinically evaluated against PC-whether in clinical practice or in trials-their mechanisms, therapeutic outcomes and current clinical status. Unlike the previously reported literature, this review provides integrated mechanistic insights with translational progress and offers a framework to support rational drug design and the development of next-generation therapies for better PC management.