Engagement in AI-Mediated Informal Digital Learning of English: An Adaptive Intelligence Perspective on Motivational, Psychological, and Technological Resources
Using adaptive intelligence as a theoretical lens, the study investigates how L2 motivational selves are associated with AI-IDLE engagement through psychological capital (PsyCap) and L2 grit and whether these indirect associations vary with AI literacy among 1025 Chinese university EFL learners. The proposed model was...