Hyodeoxycholic acid rejuvenates BMSCs against postmenopausal osteoporosis by attenuating senescence and aberrant adipogenesis via TGR5-ESR1-mediated mitophagy.
INTRODUCTION Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is driven by bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) senescence and aberrant adipogenesis, with 17β-estradiol (E2) deficiency as a primary trigger. However, the metabolic mediators linking systemic E2 loss to BMSC dysfunction remain undefined. Bile acids are established endogenou...