Energy-Time-based Docking-Return Path Planning for Cooperative UAV–UGV Systems in GPS-Denied Environments
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) offer complementary capabilities for long-duration autonomous missions, where UAV recovery by a ground platform can significantly reduce aerial energy consumption. In practical GPS-denied environments, however, such docking-return operations are limite...