Adaptive observation weighting in TCKF1D-Var for ground-based multi-sensor thermodynamic retrievals prior to nocturnal heavy precipitation over China
Ground-based microwave radiometers (GMWRs) and Mie–Raman lidars (MRLs) provide valuable thermodynamic observations for atmospheric profiling, but conventional variational retrieval frameworks typically rely on static observation weighting assumptions that may not adequately represent varying observation quality under p...