Multi-Breed Genome-Wide Association Analysis Reveals Candidate Genes for Growth and Body Conformation Traits in Four Populations of Native and Crossbred Chinese Sheep
Simple Summary Growth and body conformation traits are important determinants of meat production and economic performance in sheep. Understanding their genetic basis can enhance breeding efficiency and support sustainable genetic improvement. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genomic regions associated with seven growth and body conformation traits in 401 sheep from four populations: Qira Black, Kyrgyz, Dorset × Hu crossbred, and Suffolk × Karakul crossbred sheep. After genotype quality control, 47,674 SNP markers were analyzed using a mixed linear model accounting for population structure and genetic relatedness. A total of 44 independent genomic regions were detected at a nominal significance threshold, containing 112 candidate genes potentially involved in skeletal development, cartilage formation, muscle growth, and metabolic regulation.