Qing Zhao

The C-reactive protein–albumin–lymphocyte index is associated with ventricular functional improvement and long-term outcomes after cardiac resynchronization therapy

Background and aims Inflammation, malnutrition, and immune dysfunction are closely linked to adverse outcomes in heart failure. The C-reactive protein–albumin–lymphocyte (CALLY) index integrates these biological domains, but its clinical relevance in patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) remains i...