Assessment of the impact of urbanization on air pollution in Hanoi using satellite data and in-situ measurements during the 2021‒2025 period
Rapid urbanization in large cities has posed many environmental challenges, especially air pollution. This study used multi-source remote sensing data to analyze the impact of urbanization on air pollution in Hanoi during 2021–2025. Landsat 8/9 Collection 2 Level 2 Surface Reflectance imagery was used to map urbanizati...