Iron oxide nanoparticles for hepatocellular carcinoma theranostics: From nanoplatform design to clinical translation.
The challenges in early diagnosis and effective treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are largely attributable to the underlying cirrhosis, impaired hepatic reserve, and the added complexity of heterogeneous tumor vascularity in many patients. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are promising platforms for HCC diagn...