Global COVID-19 vaccination uptake across the emergency and early post-emergency periods, 2021-2024
COVID-19 vaccination helped change the course of the pandemic and remains critical for protecting high-risk groups. We analyzed data submitted to WHO to describe COVID-19 vaccination coverage during the emergency period from 2021-2023 and annual uptake in 2024, the first post-emergency calendar year after the Public Health Emergency of International Concern designation was lifted. By end-2023, global complete primary series coverage reached 65% in the total population, 82% among older adults, and 91% among health and care workers (HCWs), across reporting countries. Booster coverage was lower, at 33%, 60%, and 69%, respectively. Across indicators, disparities by country income group and region emerged early and persisted through 2024. In 2024, vaccination of older adults and HCWs was limited and heterogeneous. These findings underscore the need for stronger, sustainably financed adult immunization platforms and associated monitoring systems to enhance life-course vaccination benefits and to support future outbreak, epidemic, and pandemic responses.