A Structural Model of Artificial Intelligence Integration in Language Instruction: A Systematic Review of Mediating Pathways to Written English Proficiency Among EFL Learners
Background: Generative artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) writing instruction, yet the mechanisms through which AI integration may improve written English proficiency (WEP) remain theoretically fragmented. Objective: This systematic review synthesises literature published wit...