Maximizing Massive MIMO’s Energy and Spectrum Efficiency via Channel Estimation
This paper investigates the EE–SE trade-off in a downlink Massive MIMO system with Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) channel estimation (CE) and different linear combining and precoding techniques, confirming that MMSE-based CE provides higher spectral efficiency than the MR, ZF, RZF, and S-MMSE schemes, albeit at incre...