Integrative single-cell and computational pathology analyses reveal a C11orf24-associated stem-like epithelial population linked to tumor microenvironment remodeling and immune evasion in bladder cancer.
BACKGROUND Cancer stem-like cells drive tumor progression and therapeutic resistance, yet the epithelial stemness hierarchy in bladder cancer (BLCA) remains poorly defined. We aimed to characterize stemness-associated epithelial populations and their clinical significance. METHODS We analyzed single-cell RNA sequenci...