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Sponsored Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, Global Edition Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, Global Edition

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Rani Sumaira Kanwal

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Open access Aug 2026

Decisions Under Deep Uncertainty: A Pythagorean Fuzzy Z-Number Framework for Urban Flood Risk Assessment

Ambiguities are always present in real-world decision-making situations; in the case of floodplain urban growth, the planning process is further complicated by environmental unpredictability, limited data, and experts' subjective opinions. The current study proposes an enhanced multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) fr...

Rani Sumaira Kanwal, S. Qurashi, Nasreen Kausar et al. · 0 citations
Open access Jul 2026

A Hamacher Aggregation-Based Pythagorean Fuzzy Z-Number MCDM Framework for Sustainable Urban Green Space Planning

Evaluation of alternatives is a complex task in real-world decision-making, where ambiguity and uncertainty are inherent. To address these challenges, this study proposes an integrated Pythagorean Fuzzy Z-Number (PyFZN)-based framework for multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) in urban green space planning. PyFZNs ext...

Rani Sumaira Kanwal, S. Qurashi, Nasreen Kausar et al. · 1 citation

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