This study analyzes the contribution of legal aspects and human factors to civil aviation accidents and incidents associated with Air Traffic Control (ATC) services. Utilizing a qualitative descriptive literature review methodology, this research conducts a comparative evaluation of the Halim Perdanakusuma runway collision accident (2016) and the Austin-Bergstrom near-miss incident (2023). The juridical framework is anchored in Indonesian Aviation Law No. 1 of 2009 and International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standards, while systemic analysis applies the SHELL model and HFACS taxonomy. The results indicate that expectation bias and operational deviations from standardized radio-telephony phraseology are the primary drivers of cognitive and procedural failures. Weak supervisory monitoring and the absence of integrated surface surveillance technology further compromised the systemic defenses in both cases. In conclusion, runway accidents and incidents do not result from isolated operator errors but stem from interactive mismatches within the sociotechnical system. Enforcing legal compliance with standard safety procedures and accelerating the deployment of surface detection radar are critical mitigation strategies to prevent future occurrences.
Freshal Fitran, Elfi Amir, Rany Adiliawijaya et al.· International Journal of Hea...· 0 citations
Aviation safety depends heavily on precise interaction between pilots and Air Traffic Control (ATC), yet failures within that interaction remain a recurring contributing factor in civil aviation accidents and incidents. This study aims to identify and analyze patterns of ATC-related failure across a set of historically significant aviation accidents and incidents, and to derive implications for global aviation safety improvement. A qualitative literature review design was employed, drawing on official investigation reports, safety databases, and peer-reviewed journal articles concerning five representative events—Tenerife (1977), Zagreb (1976), Uberlingen (2002), Linate (2001), and Jakarta Halim (2016)—synthesized through directed content analysis guided by the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) and Reason's Swiss Cheese Model. The findings reveal that communication breakdowns, non-standard phraseology, controller work overload, limitations in surveillance technology, and weak inter-unit coordination constitute recurring causal patterns behind ATC-related accidents/incidents. The study concludes that enhancing aviation safety requires stricter phraseology standardization, strengthened Crew/Team Resource Management training for controllers, and sustained investment in surface radar and conflict-alert technologies.
Hendro Eko Saputro, Elfi Amir, Rany Adiliawijaya et al.· International Journal of Hea...· 0 citations
