Raymond Haward

Parkinson’s disease and chronic kidney disease trends and disparities in the US population aged over 25 years (1999–2023)

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dopaminergic neuronal loss and α-synuclein aggregation, resulting in motor dysfunction and increasing mortality. Chronic kidney disease (CKD), affecting nearly 700 million people worldwide, is associated with systemic inflammation, va...