Expression of PD-L1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and its correlation with HPV status: a clinicopathological study
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a major global health concern with high morbidity and mortality. Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), an immune checkpoint protein, plays a key role in tumor immune evasion and has emerged as an important biomarker for immunotherapy. Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated H...