Event-Aware Validation of Short-Term Water-Level Forecasting in a Single Data-Scarce Gauged Catchment: Implications for Local Flash-Flood Risk Management
Overlapping forecasting windows can conceal the limited independence of event archives. We evaluated seven models using 2039 records from 41 events at Hongjiata Hydrological Station during 2016–2025. Telemetry elevations were harmonized by adding 0.665 m before 2023. Forecasts at 1, 3, 6, and 12 h used 12 or 24 h input...