Configurating Learner Engagement in AI‐Mediated Informal Digital Learning of English: A Combined Serial Mediation and FsQCA Approach
The results demonstrated that AI‐IDLE exerts a significant direct predictive effect on learner engagement, and fsQCA identifies four equifinal configurations and reveals a vital compensatory mechanism, showing that AI support and high task valuation can effectively offset deficits in learner agency to sustain engagemen...