Harmaline improves diabetes-associated renal alterations in nicotinamide/streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice: Possible involvement of oxidative stress, inflammation, and renin–angiotensin system signaling
Objective(s): Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is marked by structural and functional kidney damage, driven by oxidative stress, inflammation, and renin–angiotensin system (RAS) dysregulation. Harmaline (HAR), a β-carboline alkaloid with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, is a promising multi-target therapeu...